Osteoporosis Quiz

 

OSTEOPOROSIS:

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease in the United States. It is clinically silent until there is a fracture of the bone. It is due to the insufficient bone formation or excessive bone absorption or a combination of the two. It is a progressive loss of trabeculae and decreases the ability of the bone to withstand loading. There are two classifications.

Primary
Juvenile
Idiopathic
Type 1 or postmenopausal
Type 2 or senile which is associated with the elderly

Secondary
Genetic/congenital
hypogonadal states
endocrine disorders
deficiency states
inflammatory diseases
hematologic and neoplastic disorders
medications

Bone mineral density (BMD) is measured with a central DXA test

 T-score within 1 SD (+1 or -1) of young adult mean is normal
 T – score of -1 to -2.5 osteopenia
 T-score of -2.5 SD or more below the young adult indicates osteoporosis
 T-score of -2.5 SD or more below with fragility fractures indicates severe osteoporosis
 Z scores adjust for age, sex, ethnicity or race
 Z-scores of -2.0 or lower are below the expected range for age
 Z-scores above -2.0 are within the expected range for age.

• Risk factors that are associated with osteoporosis are genetics, female, family weight of less than 85% of the norm or 127 lbs. Other factors include early or surgical menopause , pregnancy at a young age, sedentary lifestyle, alcoholism, poor nutrient absorption (celiac), low body fat, low calcium intake, low vitamin D levels, prolonged bed rest and anorexia.

• Vitamin D

• Medication such as corticosteroids, thyroid hormone medication and diuretics can increase bone loss.

• Exercise early in life, resistance and high impact exercises and aerobic activity is beneficial in reducing bone loss.

51SVGauWRgL

Differential Diagnosis of the Spine Book

Leave a Comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

For security, use of Google's reCAPTCHA service is required which is subject to the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Use.

Verified by MonsterInsights