Test your knowledge on two  neurological screening tests FEMORAL SLUMP TEST The femoral slump test is used to test the upper and mid lumbar nerve roots for compression. It can be used as well as a prone femoral knee bend test and is thought to be superior to the prone test by differentiating between neural […]

Test your knowledge on the clinical prediction rules for spinal fractures. To identify patients with a likelihood of vertebral compression fracture: CPR Roman 1. Age > 52 years 2. no presence of referred leg signs 3. BMI of 22 or less 4. No regular exercise 5. female . Another CPR rule. CPR Henschke 1. Female

Test your knowledge of Clinical Screening Tools. KEHR’S SIGN Kehr’s sign is pain that occurs in the tip of the shoulder when there is blood or other irritants in the peritoneal cavity associated with the spleen. It is irritation of the diaphragm and is felt via the phrenic nerve to above the clavicle. It is

Test your knowledge on altered breathing patterns and their possible consequences. References: Chaitlow, L. (2004)  Breathing pattern disorders, motor control, and low back pain. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine. 7 (1): 34-41. Chaitow L.  (2014) Recognizing and Treating Breathing Pattern Disorders.  A Multidisciplinary approach.  Churchill Livingstone Courtney R., (2009) The function of breathing and its dysfunctions

Outcome:  This patient was referred back to the Physician for evaluation.  The fact that she was having constant pain which was worse at night was one reason.  Yes, bursitis pain is often worse at night and they will often have an empty endfeel into elevation but she had an empty endfeel in all passive ranges

  GIANT CELL ARTERITIS (TEMPORAL ARTERITIS) AND TAKAYASU ARTERITIS Both of these conditions are caused by inflammation and damage to the blood vessels that supply the head, neck, upper body and arms. It occurs almost exclusively in individuals that are over the age of 50 with the disease increasing in incidence with progressive aging. It

Mechanics of quiet respiration The Diaphragm is primary respiratory muscle.  The Diaphragm contracts, pulling the central tendon down until the abdominal wall prevents the abdominal viscera from moving any further.  This increases the vertical diameter.  The 12th rib is fixed by quadratus lumborum. Central tendon is fixed so the diaphragm now elevates the lower 6

Canadian Cervical spine Rule [i] [ii]   The Canadian “C” spine rule is a tool used to determine the necessity of radiology after cervical trauma.  It is used on patients who are alert and in stable condition following a trauma and when cervical spine injury is a concern.  It does not apply to non-traumatic cases, if the

Cervical Myelopathy is a reduction of the sagittal diameter of the cervical spinal canal.  The canal is normally 17-18mm wide in adults.  It  can be caused by a mechanical reason such as a disc lesion or degenerative stenosis (most common level C5/6, C6/7), bone spurs, traumatic dislocation or fracture or medical issues such as transverse myelitis, MS, neuromyelitis optica (immune disorder